Okwangoku, amashishini amaninzi amashishini kunye namaziko karhulumente aneelabhoratri zawo. Kwaye ezi labhoratri zineentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto zovavanyo lovavanyo eziqhubeka imihla ngemihla. Kucingeleka ukuba uvavanyo ngalunye luza kuvelisa ubungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zezinto zovavanyo ezisele zinamathele kwiglasi. Ke ngoko, ukucocwa kwezinto ezisele zovavanyo kuye kwaba yinxalenye engenakuphepheka yomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wale labhoratri.

Kuyaqondakala ukuba ukuze kusonjululwe izinto ezingcolisayo ezisele kwizixhobo zeglasi, uninzi lweelabhoratri kufuneka zityale ingcinga eninzi, amandla abasebenzi kunye nezixhobo eziphathekayo, kodwa iziphumo azisoloko zanelisa. Ngoko ke, ukucocwa kweentsalela zezixhobo zeglasi kunokuba njani kukhuselekile kwaye kusebenze kakuhle? Enyanisweni, ukuba singazifumanisa ezi zilumkiso zilandelayo size siziphathe ngokufanelekileyo, le ngxaki iya kusonjululwa ngokwemvelo.

Okokuqala: Zeziphi iintsalela ezihlala zishiywa kwiglasi yelabhoratri?

Ngexesha lovavanyo, inkunkuma ezintathu zihlala ziveliswa, oko kukuthi igesi engcolileyo, ulwelo olungcolileyo, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo zenkunkuma. Oko kukuthi, inkunkuma eseleyo engenaxabiso lovavanyo. Kwizitya zeglasi, iintsalela eziqhelekileyo luthuli, iiloshini zokucoca, izinto ezinyibilikayo emanzini, kunye nezinto ezinganyibilikiyo.

Phakathi kwazo, iintsalela ezinyibilikayo ziquka ii-alkali zasimahla, iidayi, izalathisi, ii-Na2SO4, ii-NaHSO4 eziqinileyo, ii-traces ze-iodine kunye nezinye iintsalela ze-organic; izinto ezinganyibilikiyo ziquka i-petrolatum, i-phenolic resin, i-phenol, i-grease, i-ointment, i-protein, amabala egazi, i-Cell culture medium, i-fermentation residue, i-DNA kunye ne-RNA, i-fiber, i-metal oxide, i-calcium carbonate, i-sulfide, ityuwa yesilivere, isepha yokwenziwa kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Ezi zinto zihlala zinamathela eludongeni lweglasi yelabhoratri efana neetyhubhu zovavanyo, ii-burettes, iiflasks ze-volumetric, kunye neepipettes.

Akunzima ukufumanisa ukuba iimpawu ezibalulekileyo zeentsalela zeglasi ezisetyenzisiweyo kuvavanyo zingashwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 1. Zininzi iintlobo; 2. Izinga longcoliseko lahlukile; 3. Imilo iyinkimbinkimbi; 4. Inobungozi, iyabola, iyaqhuma, iyasulela nezinye iingozi.

Okwesibini: Zithini iziphumo ezimbi zeentsalela zovavanyo?

Izinto ezimbi 1: uvavanyo aluphumelelanga. Okokuqala, ukuba ukucubungula ngaphambi kovavanyo kuyahlangabezana nemigangatho kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kweziphumo zovavanyo. Kule mihla, iiprojekthi zovavanyo zineemfuno ezingqongqo ngakumbi zokuchaneka, ukulandeleka, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kweziphumo zovavanyo. Ke ngoko, ubukho beentsalela ngokuqinisekileyo buya kubangela izinto eziphazamisayo kwiziphumo zovavanyo, kwaye ngaloo ndlela azinakufezekisa ngempumelelo injongo yokufumanisa uvavanyo.

Izinto ezimbi 2: intsalela yovavanyo inezisongelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo okanye ezinokubakho emzimbeni womntu. Ngokukodwa, amanye amayeza avavanyiweyo aneempawu zeekhemikhali ezifana nobuthi kunye nokuguquguquka, kwaye ukungakhathali okuncinci kungonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo impilo yomzimba neyengqondo yabantu abanxibelelana nabo. Ingakumbi kumanyathelo okucoca izixhobo zeglasi, le meko ayiqhelekanga.

Isiphumo esibi 3: Ngaphezu koko, ukuba iintsalela zovavanyo azinakunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo nangokupheleleyo, ziya kungcolisa kakhulu imeko-bume yovavanyo, ziguqule umoya nemithombo yamanzi zibe yimiphumo engenakuphikiswa. Ukuba uninzi lweelabhoratri lufuna ukuphucula le ngxaki, akunakuphepheka ukuba iya kuthatha ixesha, inzima kwaye ibize kakhulu... kwaye oku kuye kwanda kwaba yingxaki efihlakeleyo kulawulo nasekusebenzeni kwelabhoratri.

Okwesithathu: Ziziphi iindlela zokujongana neentsalela zovavanyo zezinto zeglasi?

Ngokuphathelele iintsalela zeglasi zelebhu, eli shishini lisebenzisa kakhulu iindlela ezintathu: ukuhlamba ngesandla, ukucoca nge-ultrasound, kunye nokucoca ngomatshini wokuhlamba iglasi ngokuzenzekelayo ukufezekisa injongo yokucoca. Iimpawu zeendlela ezintathu zezi zilandelayo:

Indlela 1: Ukuhlamba ngesandla

Ukucoca ngesandla yindlela ephambili yokuhlamba nokuhlamba ngamanzi aqukuqelayo. (Ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iloshini elungiselelwe kwangaphambili kunye neebhrashi zetyhubhu yovavanyo ukunceda) Yonke le nkqubo ifuna abavavanyi ukuba bachithe amandla amaninzi, amandla omzimba, kunye nexesha ukugqiba injongo yokususa amasalela. Kwangaxeshanye, le ndlela yokucoca ayinakuqikelela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zamandla e-hydropower. Kwinkqubo yokuhlamba ngesandla, idatha ebalulekileyo yesalathiso efana nobushushu, ukuqhuba, kunye nexabiso le-pH kunzima nangakumbi ukufikelela kulawulo lwesayensi nolusebenzayo, ukurekhoda, kunye nezibalo. Kwaye isiphumo sokugqibela sokucoca iglasi sidla ngokungakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zococeko lovavanyo.

Indlela yesi-2: Ukucoca nge-ultrasonic

Ukucoca nge-ultrasonic kusetyenziswa kwiiglasi ezincinci (hayi izixhobo zokulinganisa), ezifana neebhotile ze-HPLC. Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lweglasi alulungele ukucoca ngebrashi okanye luzaliswe lulwelo, kusetyenziswa ukucoca nge-ultrasound. Ngaphambi kokucoca nge-ultrasound, izinto ezinyibilikayo emanzini, inxalenye yezinto ezinganyibilikiyo kunye nothuli olukwiglasi kufuneka zihlanjwe ngamanzi, kwaye emva koko kufuneka kufakwe isepha ethile, kusetyenziswe ukucoca nge-ultrasound imizuzu eli-10-30, ulwelo lokuhlamba kufuneka luhlanjwe ngamanzi, kwaye emva koko kuhlanjululwe. Ukucoca nge-ultrasound ngamanzi amaxesha ama-2 ukuya kwama-3. Amanyathelo amaninzi kule nkqubo afuna imisebenzi yesandla.

Kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba ukuba ukucocwa kwe-ultrasound akulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, kuya kubakho ithuba elikhulu lokubangela imifantu kunye nomonakalo kwisikhongozeli seglasi esicociweyo.

Indlela yesi-3: Umatshini wokuhlamba iiglasi ozenzekelayo

Umatshini wokucoca ngokuzenzekelayo usebenzisa ulawulo olukrelekrele lwe-microcomputer, ufanelekile ekucoceni ngokupheleleyo iintlobo ngeentlobo zeglasi, uxhasa ukucoca okuhlukeneyo, kunye nenkqubo yokucoca isemgangathweni kwaye inokukopishwa kwaye idatha inokulandelelwa. Umatshini wokuhlamba iibhotile ozenzekelayo awukhululi nje kuphela abaphandi kumsebenzi onzima wokucoca iiglasi kunye nemingcipheko yokhuseleko efihliweyo, kodwa ugxila kwimisebenzi yophando lwesayensi ebaluleke ngakumbi. Kuba ugcina amanzi, umbane kwaye uluhlaza ngakumbi Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo luye lwandisa iingenelo zoqoqosho kulo lonke ilabhoratri kwixesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokuhlamba iibhotile ozenzekelayo ngokupheleleyo kulungele ngakumbi inqanaba elibanzi lelabhoratri ukuze kufezekiswe isiqinisekiso se-GMP \ FDA kunye neenkcukacha, nto leyo eluncedo kuphuhliso lwelabhoratri. Ngamafutshane, umatshini wokuhlamba iibhotile ozenzekelayo ngokucacileyo uphepha ukuphazamiseka kweempazamo ezizimeleyo, ukuze iziphumo zokucoca zichaneke kwaye zifane, kwaye ucoceko lwezixhobo emva kokucoca lube lugqibelele kwaye lufanelekile!