I-Ding, i-ding, i-bang, yaphule enye, kwaye le yenye yezona zixhobo ziqhelekileyo kwilabhoratri yethu, izitya zeglasi. Indlela yokucoca izitya zeglasi kunye nendlela yokomisa.

Zininzi izinto ekufuneka uziqwalasele ngexesha lokusebenzisa, uyazi?

1. Uizitya zeglasi eziqhelekileyo

(I) I-Pipette

1. Uhlu: I-single mark pipette (ebizwa ngokuba yi-big belly pipette), i-graduate pipette (uhlobo lokukhupha olupheleleyo, uhlobo lokukhupha olupheleleyo, uhlobo lokuphuma)

1. I-pipette enephawu elinye isetyenziselwa ukupompa umthamo othile wesisombululo ngokuchanekileyo. Ububanzi benxalenye yokumakisha ye-pipette enephawu elinye buncinci kwaye ukuchaneka kuphezulu; I-pipette yokukhomba inobubanzi obukhulu kwaye ukuchaneka kubi kancinci. Ke ngoko, xa kulinganiswa umthamo opheleleyo wesisombululo, ubungakanani obuhambelanayo budla ngokusetyenziswa i-pipette enephawu elinye endaweni ye-pipette yokukhomba.

1. Umsebenzi:

Ukufaka imibhobho: kuvavanyo olufuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu, sula amanzi aseleyo kwincam yombhobho ngephepha lokucoca, uze uhlambe amanzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwencam yombhobho ngolwelo olulindileyo kathathu ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo lwesisombululo sokusebenza esisusiweyo alutshintshi. Lumka ungaphindi ubuyisele isisombululo ukuze uphephe ukungcoliswa kunye nokungcola kwesisombululo.

Xa ufaka isisombululo esiza kuphefumlelwa, faka incam yetyhubhu 1-2cm ngaphantsi komphezulu wolwelo (isisombululo sinzulu kakhulu, sininzi kakhulu sinamathela eludongeni lwangaphandle lwetyhubhu; asinzulu kakhulu: sifunxa singenanto emva kokuba inqanaba lolwelo lihlile).

Ukufunda: Umgca wokubona ukwinqanaba elifanayo nelona nqaku liphantsi le-meniscus yesisombululo.

Ukukhululwa: incam yombhobho ichukumisa ngaphakathi kombhobho ukuze umbhobho uthambeke kwaye umbhobho ume nkqo.

Ishiywe ikhululekile eludongeni: Ngaphambi kokuba ipayipi isuswe kwisikhongozeli sokwamkela, linda imizuzwana emi-3 ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo luphuma ngokupheleleyo.

(2) iflaski enevolumu

Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni isisombululo esinoxinzelelo oluchanekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iiflaski ezinevolumu, jonga ukuba ubungakanani beeflaski ezinevolumu buyahambelana na noko kufunekayo; Iiflaski ezinevolumu ezimdaka kufuneka zisetyenziswe ekulungiseleleni izinto ezinyibilikayo kancinci. Nokuba iplagi yokugaya okanye iplagi yeplastiki ivuza amanzi.

1. Uvavanyo lokuvuza: yongeza amanzi empompini kwindawo ekufutshane nomgca weleyibhile, faka i-cork ngokuqinileyo, cinezela iplagi ngomnwe wokukhokela, yimise ibhotile ijonge ezantsi imizuzu emi-2, kwaye usebenzise iphepha lokucoca elomileyo ukujonga ukuba kukho ukuvuza kwamanzi ecaleni komngxuma womlomo webhotile. Ukuba akukho kuvuza kwamanzi, jikelezisa i-cork nge-180° uze ume ngentloko yayo eminye imizuzu emi-2 ukujonga.

2. Amanqaku:

Iintonga zeglasi kufuneka zisetyenziswe xa kudluliswa izisombululo kwiiflaski zevolumu;

Musa ukuyibamba ibhotile esandleni sakho ukuze ungakhuli ulwelo;

Xa umthamo kwiflaski yevolumu ufikelela malunga ne-3/4, shukumisa ibhotile yevolumu izihlandlo ezininzi (ungabuyi umva), ukuze isisombululo sixubane kakuhle. Emva koko beka ibhotile yevolumu etafileni uze wongeze amanzi kancinci kancinci de kube kufutshane nomgca we-1cm, ulinde imizuzu eli-1-2 ukuze ushiye isisombululo sinamathele eludongeni lwentamo yebhotile. Yongeza amanzi kwindawo ephantsi ngaphantsi komgangatho wolwelo olugobileyo kwaye udibanise uphawu;

Isisombululo esishushu masipholiswe kubushushu begumbi ngaphambi kokuba sifakwe kwiflaski yevolumu, kungenjalo kunokubangela impazamo yevolumu.

Ibhotile yevolutha ayinakubamba isisombululo ixesha elide, ingakumbi i-lye, eya kugqwala iglasi ize yenze i-cork inamathele kwaye ingakwazi ukuvula;

Xa ibhotile yevolumu iphelile, yihlambe ngamanzi.

Ukuba ayisetyenziswanga ixesha elide, yihlambe uze uyisule yome uze uyifake iphepha.

1.  Indlela yokuhlamba

Ukuba zonke iintlobo zeglasi ezisetyenziswa kwilebhu yezinto ezibonakalayo nezekhemikhali zicocekile, oko kuchaphazela ukuthembeka nokuchaneka kweziphumo zohlalutyo, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiglasi ezisetyenzisiweyo zicocekile.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuhlamba izitya zeglasi, ekufuneka zikhethwe ngokweemfuno zovavanyo, uhlobo lokungcola kunye nomgangatho wongcoliseko. Isixhobo sokulinganisa esifuna ukulinganisa isisombululo ngokuchanekileyo, akulula ukusebenzisa ibrashi xa ucoca, kuba ibrashi isetyenziswa ixesha elide, kulula ukunxiba udonga lwangaphakathi lwesixhobo sokulinganisa, kwaye izinto eziza kulinganiswa azichanekanga.

Ukuhlolwa kokucoceka kwezinto zeglasi: udonga olungaphakathi kufuneka lufunyiswe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi ngaphandle kwamabhere.

Indlela yokucoca：

(1) Hlamba ngamanzi;

(2) Hlamba ngesicoci sesepha okanye ngesisombululo sesepha (le ndlela ayikhuthazwa kwi-chromatography okanye kwi-mass spectrometry experiments, ii-surfactants azilula ukuzicoca, nto leyo enokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo);

(3) Sebenzisa i-chromium lotion (i-20g ye-potassium dichromate inyibilikiswa kumanzi ashushu naxutyiweyo angama-40g, emva koko i-360g ye-industrial concentrated hydrochloric acid yongezwa kancinci): inamandla okususa ioyile kwizinto eziphilayo, kodwa irhabaxa kakhulu kwaye inetyhefu ethile. Nika ingqalelo kukhuseleko;

(4) Ezinye iiloshini;

Iloshini ye-alkaline potassium permanganate: I-4g ye-potassium permanganate iyanyibilika emanzini, i-10g ye-potassium hydroxide yongezwa kwaye ixutywe namanzi ukuya kwi-100ml. Isetyenziselwa ukucoca amabala eoyile okanye ezinye izinto eziphilayo.

Iloshini ye-oxalic acid: I-5-10g ye-oxalic acid iyanyibilika kwi-100ml yamanzi, kwaye kongezwa inani elincinci le-hydrochloric acid exineneyo. Esi sisombululo sisetyenziselwa ukuhlamba i-manganese dioxide eveliswa emva kokuhlamba i-potassium permanganate.

I-iodine-potassium iodide lotion (i-1g ye-iodine kunye ne-2g ye-potassium iodide zinyibilikiswa emanzini kwaye zixutywe namanzi ukuya kwi-100ml): zisetyenziselwa ukuhlamba ukungcola okumdaka omnyama okushiyekileyo kwe-silver nitrate.

Isisombululo se-pickling esicocekileyo: 1:1 hydrochloric acid okanye i-nitric acid. Isetyenziselwa ukususa ii-trace ions.

I-alkaline lotion: isisombululo samanzi se-sodium hydroxide se-10%. Isiphumo sokususa amafutha ngokufudumeza singcono.

Izinyibilikisi zendalo (i-ether, i-ethanol, i-benzene, i-acetone): zisetyenziselwa ukuhlamba amabala eoyile okanye izinto zendalo ezinyibilikiswe kwisinyibilikisi.

3. Drying

Izitya zeglasi kufuneka zihlanjwe zomiswe ukuze zisetyenziswe kamva emva kovavanyo ngalunye. Uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo luneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobungakanani bokoma kwezixhobo zeglasi. Umzekelo, iflaski engunxantathu esetyenziselwa ukuthoba i-asidi ingasetyenziswa emva kokuhlamba, ngelixa iflaski engunxantathu esetyenziselwa ukumisela amafutha ifuna ukomiswa. Esi sixhobo kufuneka somiswe ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo.

(1) Umoya owomileyo: ukuba awuyidingi ngokukhawuleza, ingomiswa ijongiswe ezantsi;

(2) Ukomisa: Ingomiswa kwi-oven kwi-105-120℃ (isixhobo sokulinganisa asinakomiswa kwi-oven);

(3) Ukomisa ngefutha: umoya oshushu ungasetyenziselwa ukomisa ngokungxama (isixhobo sokomisa izixhobo zeglasi).

Kakade ke, ukuba ufuna indlela yokucoca nokomisa ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo, ungakhetha nesixhobo sokuhlamba iiglasi zelebhu esenziwe yi-XPZ. Asinakuqinisekisa kuphela isiphumo sokucoca, kodwa sikwagcina ixesha, umgudu, amanzi kunye nomsebenzi. Isixhobo sokuhlamba iiglasi zelebhu esenziwe yi-XPZ sisebenzisa itekhnoloji yamva nje yokucoca yamazwe ngamazwe. Sinokugqibezela ukucoca ngokuzenzekelayo, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokomisa ngeqhosha elinye, sikuzisela amava amatsha okusebenza kakuhle, isantya kunye nokhuseleko. Ukuhlanganiswa kokucoca nokomisa akuphuculi nje kuphela inqanaba kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-automation yovavanyo, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ungcoliseko kunye nomonakalo ngexesha lomsebenzi.