I-Ding, i-ding, i-bang, yaphuka enye, kwaye esi sesinye sezona zixhobo ziqhelekileyo kwilebhu yethu, i-glassware.Indlela yokucoca iiglasi kunye nendlela yokomisa.

Kukho into eninzi ekufuneka uyithathele ingqalelo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ngaba uyazi?

1. I use yeglasi eqhelekileyo

(I) Pipette

1. Ukuhlelwa: I-pipette yamanqaku enye (ebizwa ngokuba yi-big belly pipette), i-pipette ethweswe isidanga (uhlobo lokukhutshwa olungaphelelanga, uhlobo lokukhupha olupheleleyo, uhlobo lokuvuthela)

1. I-pipette yophawu olulodwa isetyenziselwa i-pipette umthamo othile wesisombululo ngokuchanekileyo.Ububanzi bendawo yokumakisha ye-pipette ephawulwe enye incinci kwaye ukuchaneka kuphezulu;I-pipette ye-indexing inobubanzi obukhulu kwaye ukuchaneka kubi kakhulu.Ngoko ke, xa ulinganisa umthamo opheleleyo wesisombululo, ubungakanani obuhambelanayo budla ngokusetyenziswa i-Single mark pipette endaweni ye-indexing pipette.

1. Umsebenzi:

Ukufakela imibhobho: kuvavanyo olufuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu, sula amanzi ashiyekileyo kwincam yombhobho ngephepha lokucoca, emva koko uhlambe amanzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwencam yombhobho ngolwelo olulindileyo izihlandlo ezithathu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuxinana kombhobho. isisombululo sokusebenza esisusiweyo sihlala singatshintshi.Qaphela ukuba ungatshintshi isisombululo ukuphepha ukuhlanjululwa kunye nokungcoliswa kwesisombululo.

Xa ufaka umbhobho wesisombululo esinqwenelekayo, faka incam yombhobho 1-2cm ngaphantsi komgangatho wolwelo (unzulu kakhulu, isisombululo esininzi sinamathela kudonga olungaphandle lwetyhubhu; nzulu kakhulu: ukufunxa okungenanto emva kokuhla kwenqanaba lolwelo).

Ukufunda: Umgca wokujonga kwinqanaba elifanayo kunye neyona ndawo iphantsi ye-meniscus yesisombululo.

Ukukhutshwa: incam yombhobho ichukumisa ngaphakathi kwinqanawa ukwenzela ukuba isitya sithambe kwaye ityhubhu ithe tye.

Ukushiya ukhululekile eludongeni: Ngaphambi kokuba i-pipette isuswe kwisitya esifumanayo, linda imizuzwana emi-3 ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwelo luphuma ngokupheleleyo.

(2) iflask yevolumetric

Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukulungiselela isisombululo sokugxininiswa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa iiflasks zevolumetric, khangela ukuba umthamo weeflaski zevolumetric uhambelana naloo nto ifunekayo;Iiflaski zevolumetric ezimdaka kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukulungiselela izinto ezinyibilikayo ezikhanyayo.Nokuba iplagi yokusila okanye iplagi yeplastiki ivuza amanzi.

1. Uvavanyo lokuvuza: yongeza amanzi etephu kwindawo ekufutshane nomgca weleyibhile, iplagi iplagi ngokuqinileyo, cofa iplagi ngomnwe ongaphambili, yimisa ibhotile ijonge phantsi imizuzu emi-2, kwaye usebenzise iphepha lokucoca elomileyo ukujonga ukuba kukho amanzi aphuma ecaleni. isithuba somlomo webhotile.Ukuba akukho kuvuza kwamanzi, jikelisa i-cork 180 ° kwaye ume phezu kwentloko yayo eminye imizuzu emi-2 ukujonga.

2. Amanqaku:

Iintsimbi zeglasi kufuneka zisetyenziswe xa kuhanjiswa izisombululo kwiiflasks zevolumetric;

Musa ukubamba ibhotile entendeni yesandla sakho ukunqanda ukwanda kolwelo;

Xa umthamo kwi-flask ye-volumetric ufikelela malunga ne-3/4, gubungela ibhotile ye-volumetric ngamaxesha amaninzi (ungaguquki), ukwenza isisombululo sidibanise kakuhle.Emva koko faka ibhotile ye-volumetric etafileni kwaye udibanise ngokukhawuleza amanzi kude kube kufuphi nomgca we-1cm, ulinde imizuzu eyi-1-2 ukushiya isisombululo esinamathele eludongeni lwe-bottleneck.Yongeza amanzi kwindawo ephantsi ngaphantsi kwinqanaba lolwelo olugobayo kunye ne-tangent kuphawu;

Isisombululo esishushu kufuneka sipholile kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphambi kokuba sifakwe kwi-flask ye-volumetric, ngaphandle koko impazamo yevolumu inokubangelwa.

Ibhotile ye-volumeter ayikwazi ukubamba isisombululo ixesha elide, ngakumbi i-lye, eya kugqwala iglasi kwaye yenze i-cork ibambelele kwaye ayikwazi ukuvula;

Xa ibhotile yevolumu isetyenzisiwe, yihlambulule ngamanzi.

Ukuba ayisetyenziswanga ixesha elide, yihlambe kwaye uyicime yome kwaye uyifake ngephepha.

1.  Indlela yokuhlamba

Ingaba zonke iintlobo zeglasi ezisetyenziswa kwilabhoratri yenyama kunye neekhemikhali zicocekile zihlala zichaphazela ukuthembeka kunye nokuchaneka kweziphumo zokuhlalutya, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-glassware esetyenzisiweyo ihlambulukile.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuhlamba i-glassware, ekufuneka ikhethwe ngokweemfuno zovavanyo, ubunjani bokungcola kunye neqondo lokungcola.Isixhobo sokulinganisa esifuna ukulinganisa isisombululo ngokuchanekileyo, akulula ukusebenzisa ibrashi xa ucoca, kuba ibrashi isetyenziselwa ixesha elide, kulula ukugqoka udonga lwangaphakathi lwesixhobo sokulinganisa, kunye nezinto eziphathekayo. umlinganiselo awuchanekanga.

Ukuhlolwa kokucoceka kweglasi: udonga lwangaphakathi kufuneka lufumiswe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi ngaphandle kwamaso.

Indlela yokucoca:

(1) Hlamba ngamanzi;

(2) Geza nge-detergent okanye isisombululo sesepha (le ndlela ayikhuthazwa kwi-chromatography okanye i-mass spectrometry experiments, i-surfactants ayilula ukuyicoca, enokuthi ichaphazele iziphumo zovavanyo);

(3) Sebenzisa i-chromium lotion (i-20g ye-potassium dichromate inyibilikiswa kwi-40g yamanzi ashushu kwaye avuselelwe, kwaye emva koko i-360g ye-industrial concentrated hydrochloric acid yongezwa ngokucothayo): inamandla amakhulu okususa ioli kwizinto eziphilayo, kodwa yonakalisa kakhulu kwaye inomhlwa. ubuthi obuthile.Nika ingqalelo ukhuseleko;

(4) Ezinye izinto zokuthambisa;

I-alkaline potassium permanganate lotion: I-4g ye-potassium permanganate ichithwa emanzini, i-10g ye-potassium hydroxide yongezwa kwaye ihlanjululwe ngamanzi kwi-100ml.Isetyenziselwa ukucoca amabala e-oyile okanye ezinye izinto eziphilayo.

I-oxalic acid lotion: i-5-10g i-oxalic acid ichithwa kwi-100ml yamanzi, kunye nenani elincinci le-hydrochloric acid edibeneyo yongezwa.Esi sisombululo sisetyenziselwa ukuhlamba i-manganese dioxide eveliswa emva kokuhlamba i-potassium permanganate.

Iodine-potassium iodide lotion (1g ye-iodine kunye ne-2g ye-potassium iodide zinyibilikiswa emanzini kwaye zixutywe ngamanzi ukuya kwi-100ml): isetyenziselwa ukuhlamba ubumdaka obumdaka obushiyekileyo besilivere yenitrate.

Isisombululo esicocekileyo se-pickling: 1: 1 i-hydrochloric acid okanye i-nitric acid.Isetyenziselwa ukususa ii-ion zomkhondo.

I-alkaline lotion: i-10% ye-sodium hydroxide isisombululo samanzi.Umphumo wokunciphisa ngokufudumeza ungcono.

Izinyibilikisi zendalo (ether, ethanol, benzene, acetone): zisetyenziselwa ukuhlamba amabala e-oyile okanye izinto eziphilayo ezinyibilikiswa kwisinyibilikisi.

3. Drynge

I-glassware kufuneka ihlanjwe kwaye yomiswe ukuze isetyenziswe kamva emva kovavanyo ngalunye.Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomgangatho wokoma kwezixhobo zeglasi.Ngokomzekelo, i-flask ye-triangular esetyenziselwa ukuthambisa i-acidity ingasetyenziselwa emva kokuhlamba, ngelixa i-flask engunxantathu esetyenziselwa ukuzimisela kwamafutha ifuna ukomiswa.Isixhobo kufuneka somiswe ngokweemfuno ezahlukeneyo.

(1) Ukomisa umoya: ukuba awuyifuni ngokungxamisekileyo, inokomiswa ijongiswe phantsi;

(2) Ukomisa: Inokomiswa kwi-oven kwi-105-120 ℃ (isixhobo sokulinganisa asinakomiswa kwi-oven);

(3) Ukomisa umoya: umoya oshushu unokusetyenziselwa ukomisa ngokukhawuleza (isixhobo sokucoca isixhobo seglasi).

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba ufuna ukucoca kunye nendlela yokomisa ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo, unokukhetha kwakhona i-labhoratri ye-glassware washer eveliswe yi-XPZ.Akunakuqinisekisa kuphela umphumo wokucoca, kodwa nokugcina ixesha, umgudu, amanzi kunye nomsebenzi.Iwasha yeglasi yelabhoratri eveliswe yi-XPZ ithatha itekhnoloji yamva nje yokucoca yamazwe ngamazwe.Iyakwazi ukugqiba ukucoca ngokuzenzekelayo, i-disinfection kunye nokumisa ngeqhosha elinye, ukuzisa amava amatsha okusebenza kakuhle, isantya kunye nokhuseleko.Ukudityaniswa kokucoca kunye nokomisa akugcini nje ukuphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kovavanyo oluzenzekelayo, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu ukungcola kunye nomonakalo ngexesha lomsebenzi.